5. Bibliography
Legislation
The Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, adopted 15th May 2009, enters into force 23rd June 2025
The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, adopted 22nd March 1989, entered into force 5th May 1992
The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, adopted May 23rd 1969
The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, adopted 2nd of November 1973, entered into force 2nd of October 1983, as modified by the Protocol of 1978
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974
EU
Council Decision of 1st February 1993 on the conclusion on behalf of the Community of the Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal (Basel Convention) (93/98/EEC).
Case law
Southern Bluefin Tuna, New Zealand v Japan, Provisional Measures, ITLOS (1999) 38 ILM 1624.
The Seatrade, Case No. 10/994 550-15, District Court of Rotterdam, 15 March 2018
Acts from IMO
2023 Guidelines for the Development of the Inventory of Hazardous Materials (Resolution MEPC. 379(80).
2012 Guidelines for the Survey and Certification of Ships under The Hong Kong Convention MEPC.222(64)
2012 Guidelines for Safe and Environmentally Sound Ship Recycling (MEPC.210(63))
2012 Guidelines for the Authorization of Ship Recycling Facilities Resolution MEPC 211(63)
Provisional guidance on the implementation of the Hong Kong and Basel Conventions with respect to the transboundary movement of ships intended for recycling. HKSRC.2/Circ.1 Annex
Draft guidance on the implementation of the Hong Kong and Basel Conventions regarding the transboundary movement of ships intended for recycling (MEPC\82\16 11th July 2024)
MEPC 82/16/7 (9th August 2024)
MEPC 82/16 (11th July 2024)
MEPC 64/3/1 (21 June 2012)
UNEP/CHW.10/28. (1 November 2011)
MEPC/55/23 (16th October 2006)
MEPC 51/3. (23rd January 2004)
Documents from the Conference of the Parties of Basel Convention
Technical Guidelines for the Environmentally Sound Management of the Full and Partial Dismantling of Ships, Decision VI/24 (UNEP/CHW 6.23 (2002))
Decision V/28, (UNEP/CHW. 5/29, (10th December 1999))
Decision VII/25 (UNEP/CHW.7/33, (25th January 2005))
Decision VIII/11. (UNEP/CHW. 8.16. (5th January 2007))
Decision IX/30 (UNEP/CHW9/39 27 June 2008)
UNEP/CHW/OEWG 7/11, 30 March 2010)
Decision OEWG-VII/12’, UNEP/CHW.10/INF/18 (2011)
UNEP/CHW.13/18, (16th August 2017)
Books
Boyle Alan and Redgewell Cathrine,’International Law and Environment’, (Oxford University Press 2021)
De la Rue Colin, B Anderson Charles and Hare Jonathan, Shipping and Environment - Law and Practice, (Routledge (2023).
Galley Michael,” Shipbreaking: Hazards and Liabilites,” (Springer International 2014)
Gaskell Nikolas, Forest Craig,’The law of wreck’, (Routledge Taylor & Francis group 2019)
Hadjiyianni, Ioanna, Pouikli, Kleoniki Pouikli, ‘The Regulatory landscape of ship recycling: Justice, Environmental principles, and the European Union as a Global leader’, (Edward Elgar Publish Limited 2024).
Karim Saiful, Implementation of IMO Legal Instruments: International Technical and Legal Aspects (Australia Springer 2014).
Kummer Katharina ed., International Management of Hazardous Wastes:The Basel Convention and related Legal Rules, (Oxford University Press 1995).
Cecile Legros, "Interpreting International Shipping Law with EU Soft Law Instruments," European Journal of Commercial Contract Law 7, no. 1/2 (June 2015)
Lipman Zada, ‘Trade in Hazardous Waste’ in International Environmental Law and the South, ed.Shawkat Alam, Sumudu Atapattu, Carmen G Gonzalez and Jona Razzaque (Cambridge University Press 2015)
Lo Chang-fa ed., Treaty Interpretation Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties - A New Round of Codification, (Springer Singapore 2017).
Urs Daniels Engels ed., European Ship Recycling Regulation: Entry-Into-Force Implication of the Hong Kong Convention, (Berlin Springer 2013)
Siig Kristina, ”Private law responses to of imperfect regulation in international public law – the case of vessel recycling, “in Routledge Handbook of Privat Law and Sustainability Marta Sontas Silva, Andrea Nicolussi et al (eds), (London Routledge 2024)
Riis Thomas, Trzaskowski Jan, Skriftlig jura – den juridiske fremstilling, 1. edition (Ex Tuto Publishing, 2013)
Sands Phillip and Peel Jacqueline et al., Principles of International Environmental law, 4th. edition (Cambridge University Press, 2018)
Strong, Malcolm, Herring, Paul, “Sale of ships: the Norwegian Saleform”, 3. edition, Sweet & Maxwell, London, 2016
Journals
Lipman, Zada,”Trade in Hazardous Waste: Environmental Justice Versus Economic Growth,” Capacity Building for Environmental Law in the Asia and Pacific Region (2002).
Pozdnakova Alla, “Ship recycling regulation under international and EU Law,” MarIus No. 535, SIMPLY 2019.
Reports
Basel Action Network and Greenpeace International, Shipbreaking and the legal obligations under the Basel Convention.
Report of the Study Group of the ILC finalized by Martti Koskenniemi on ‘Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law’, 13 April 2006, A/CN.4/L.682
NGO Shipbreaking Platform,”Does the Hong Kong Convention Provide an Equivalent Level of Control and Enforcement as Established Under the Basel Convention,” published 10th May 2011.
International Law and Policy Institute, ‘Shipbreaking Practices in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: An Investor Perspective on the Human Rights and Environmental Impacts of Beaching’ (2016).
Articles
Lloyds, Shipping and Trade Law, “The Hong Kong Convention: ship recycling gets a new law,” 31 October 2023
Web pages
IMO, “The Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships,” Available at: Entering into force of the HKC (last accessed 1st December 2024)
IMO ‘Hong Kong ship recycling Convention set to enter into force,’ <HKC set to enter into force> (accessed 1st December 2024)
IMO, ”Pakistan becomes party to the Hong Kong ship recycling Convention,” 1st of December 2023. Available at: The ratification Status of the Hong Kong Convention (Last accessed 1st December 2024)
IMO, ”India accession brings the ship recycling convention a step closer to enter into force,” 28th of November 2019, available at: IMO press release (last accessed 1st December 2024)
Definition of ”designed”. Available at: Oxford English Dictionary (Last accessed 1st December 2024).
Definition of construction. Available at: construction - Oxford English Dictionary (Last accessed 1st December 2024)
Global Maritime Forum, “Shipping’s circular economy,” Available at: Shipping’s circular economy | Global Maritime Forum (last accessed 1st December 2024)